考试科目代码：211 考试科目名称 ： 翻译硕士英语
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Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure (1x30=30 points)
In this section, there are thirty incomplete sentences. For each sentence four choices marked A, B, C and D are given. Decide which of the alternatives best completes the sentence. Write the appropriate letter on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. According to the latest _____ poll, the Opposition is likely to win the next General Election.
A. inquiry B. opinion
C. question D. impression
2. After three hours, the jury were still unable to reach a unanimous _____.
A. verdict B. decision
C. judgment D. conclusion
3. A _____ survey was conducted among local families to find out the average amount of expense on their children’s education.
A. representation B. questionnaire
C. referendum D. question
4. A popular way of keeping fit is to go _____ which is a kind of slow-to medium-paced running.
A. trotting B. sauntering
C. strolling D. jogging
5. Piles of old books and newspapers _____ her desk.
A. spread B. littered
C. heaped D. scattered
6. Exercising generally begins with standing up straight, _____ slowly and then letting your breath out evenly.
A. exhaling B. drawing
C. inhaling D. puffing
7. The woman remained depressingly fat _____ all her efforts to slim.
A. against B. despite
C. although D. contrary
8. Many Asian people are of _____ build while Europeans often have a heavier frame.
A. slim B. slight
C. lean D. thin
9. The pupil _____ a story to explain why he was absent from school.
A. developed B. described
C. invented D. outlined
10. There are _____ that the weather is changing in the region.
A. associations B. indications
C. comments D. concerns
11. It is an encouraging sign that people’s purchasing power is _____ the rise recently.
A. on B. in
C. at D. with
12. The speaker had no _____ in himself when facing a large audience.
A. experience B. progress
C. objection D. confidence
13. The man drew the curtain and _____ the painting behind it.
A. projected B. revealed
C. exposed D. brought
14. The football club tried to _____ the famous player with a generous offer of money.
A. promote B. defend
C. tempt D. force
15. Cindy _____ some sweets from her bag and insisted they be shared among herfriends.
A. distributed B. pulled
C. produced D. drew
16. Not a _____ has been found so far that can help the police find the robber.
A. fact B. clue
C. mark D. sign
17. She is a teacher _____ of our great respect.
A. aware B. confident
C. capable D. worthy
18. They had _____ it for granted that they would succeed in their research.
A. taken B. made
C. had D. thought
19. The final cost was considerably higher than the builder’s original _____.
A. amount B. sum
C. account D. estimate
20. He couldn’t tell _____ from a distance whether it was Sam or his brother.
A. at large B. in name
C. for sure D. in short
21. No matter how much progress we’ve made in our work, we shouldn’t get _____.
A. complacent B. perfect
C. satisfactory D. fortunate
22. The _____ instrument requires a skilled operator.
A. artificial B. fashionable
C. difficult D. intricate
23. We should _____ all possible ways to create jobs for the unemployed.
A. provide B. review
C. explore D. make
24. The coupon _____ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.
A. confers B. entitles
C. grants D. offers
25. _____, the glass would break into pieces.
A. If having handled carelessly B. To handle carelessly
C. Handling carelessly D. If handled carelessly
26. The drunkard was found _____ under the bench in the park.
A. to lie dead B. lying dead
C. lie dead D. lying died
27. Now Tim regrets _____ hard enough while at the university.
A. not to work B. having not worked
C. not having worked D. not have worked
28. Please show me the table _____.
A. for placing the vase B. to place the vase on
C. to place the vase D. placing the vase on
29. The bed sheets and pillows will want _____, I suppose.
A. washing B. to wash
C. being washed D. to have washed
30. The couple feel more comfortable on a plane than they would be if they _____ any other way.
A. are traveling B. have travelled
C. travel D. travelled
Part II Reading Comprehension ( 40 points )
Section A: In this section, there are three passages. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them four choices marked A, B, C and D are given. You should decide on the BEST choice for each question or unfinished statement and then write the appropriate letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (2x15 =30 points)
Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage.
Passage 1
The destruction of our natural resources and contamination of our food supply continue occur, largely because of the extreme difficulty inaffixinglegal responsibility on those who continue to treat our environment with reckless abandon. Attempts to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and friendly persuasion have been net by lawsuits, personal and industrial denial and long delays—not only in accepting responsibility, but more importantly, in doing something about it.
It seems that only when government decides it can afford tax incentives or production sacrifices is there any initiative for change. Where is industry’s and our recognition that protecting mankind’s great treasure is the single most important responsibility? If ever there will be time for environmental health professionals to come to the frontlines and provide leadership to solve environmental problems, that time is now.
We are being asked, and, in fact, the public is demanding that we take positive action. It is our responsibility as professionals in environmental health to make the difference. Yes, the ecologists, the environmental activists and the conservationists serve to communicate, stimulate thinking and promote behavioral change. However, it is those of us who are paid to make the decisions to develop, improve and enforce environmental standards, I submit, who must lead the change.
We must recognize that environmental health issues do not stop at city limits, county lines, state or even federal boundaries. We can no longer afford to be tunnel-visioned in our approach. We must visualize issues from every perspective to make the objective decisions. We must express our views clearly to prevent media distortion and public confusion.
I believe we have a three-part mission for the present. First, we must continue to press for improvements in the quality of life that people can make for themselves. Second, we must investigate and understand the link between environment and health. Third, we must be able to communicate technical information in a form that citizens can understand. If we can accomplish these three goals in this decade, maybe we can finally stop environmental degradation, and not merely hold it back. We will then be able to spend pollution dollars truly on prevention rather than on bandages.
1. We can infer from the first two paragraphs that the industrialists disregard environmental protection chiefly because ________.
A) they are unaware of the consequences of what they are doing
B) they are reluctant to sacrifice their own economic interests
C) time has not yet come for them to put due emphasis on it
D) it is difficult for them to take effective measures(B)
2. The main task now facing ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists is ______.
A) to prevent pollution by legislation, economic incentives and persuasion
B) to arouse public awareness of the importance of environmental protection
C) to take radical measures to control environmental pollution
D) to improve the quality of life by enforcing environmental standards(B)
3. The word “tunnel-visioned (Line 2, Para. 4) most probably means “________”.
A) narrow-minded B) blind to the facts C) short-sighted D) able to see only one aspect(D)
4. Which of the following, according to the author, should play the leading role in the solution of environmental problems?
A) Legislation and government intervention.
B) The industry’s understanding and support.
C) The efforts of environmental health professionals.
D) The cooperation of ecologists, environmental activists and conservationists.(C)
5. Which of the following is true according to the last paragraph?
A) Efforts should be exerted on pollution prevention instead of on remedial measures.
B) More money should be spent in order to stop pollution.
C) Ordinary citizens have no access to technical information on pollution.
D) Environmental degradation will be stopped by the end of this decade.(C)
Questions 6-10 are based on the following passage.
Passage 2
In the 1920s demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerityprograms to reduce their imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. They were paying for machinery, seed, and fertilizer, and they were also buying consumer goods. The prices of the items farmers bought remained constant, while prices they received for their products fell. These developments were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1939s.
In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, the Federal Farm Board was organized. It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers.
President Hoover’s successor attached even more importance to this problem. One of the first measures proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congress. This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices. This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation. The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the nation’s soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. Later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid (杂交) grain, and fertilizers.
6. What brought about the decline in the demand for American farm products?
A) The impact of the Great Depression.
B) The shrinking of overseas markets.
C) The destruction caused by the First World War.
D) The increased exports of European countries.
7. The chief concern of the American government in the area of agriculture in the 1920s was ________.
A) to increase farm production
B) to establish agricultural laws
C) to prevent farmers from going bankrupt
D) to promote the mechanization of agriculture
8. The Agricultural Adjustment Act encouraged American farmers to ________.
A) reduce their scale of production
B) make full use of their land
C) adjust the prices of their farm products
D) be self-sufficient in agricultural production
9. The Supreme Court rejected the Agricultural Adjustment Act because it believed that the Act ________.
A) might cause greater scarcity of farm products
B) didn’t give the Secretary of Agriculture enough power
C) would benefit neither the government nor the farmers
D) benefited one group of citizens at the expense of others
10. It was claimed that the new laws passed during the Roosevelt Administration were aimed at ________.
A) reducing the cost of farming
B) conserving soil in the long-term interest of the nation
C) lowering the burden of farmers
D) helping farmers without shifting the burden onto other taxpayers
Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage.
Passage 3
Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one’s side, or that in Italy and some Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.
Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that “Gift” means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm’s length away from others. Latins and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.
Our linguisticand cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.
Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingualguided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.
When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. The attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives—usually the richer—who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation’s diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.
For many years, America and Americans could get by with cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance. After all, America was the most powerful country of the free world, the distributor of needed funds and goods.
But all that is past. American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.
11. It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners would most probably ________.
A) stand still
B) jump aside
C) step forward
D) draw back
12. The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their ________.
A) cultural self-centeredness
B) casual manners
C) indifference toward foreign visitors
D) arrogance towards other cultures
13. In countries other than their own most Americans ________.
A) are isolated by the local people
B) are not well informed due to the language barrier
C) tend to get along well with the natives
D) need interpreters in hotels and restaurants
14. According to the author, Americans’ cultural blindness and linguistic ignorance will ________.
A) affect their image in the new era
B) cut themselves off from the outside world
C) limit their role in world affairs
D) weaken the position of the US dollar
15. The author’s intention in writing this article is to make Americans realize that ________.
A) it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friends
B) it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairs
C) it is necessary to use several languages in public places
D) it is time to get acquainted with other cultures
Section B: Read the following passage and answer the questions followed. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (2x5 =10 points)
Should New York’ public schoolchildren be allowed to bring cell phones to school? A group of parents has sued the city Department of Education and Mayor Michael Bloomberg—apparently the first such lawsuit in the country—claiming the cell phone ban violates their right to communicate with their children. Bloomberg and Schools Chancellor Joel Klein say they're determined to keep the ban in place, and are refusing to even discuss a compromise.
It pits those who feel cell phones are disruptive—used for bad behavior that includes cheating, text-messaging during class, taking unauthorized photographs, stealing other student’s cell phones and arranging after-school fights—against parents who say they need to communicate with their children for safety reasons and for their own peace of mind, especially after the shootings at Columbine High School and the 9.11 terrorist attacks, which sparked new concerns among parents about being able to reach their kids during emergencies.
Ken Trump, president of National School Safety and Security Services, said he thinks students with cell phones are more a hindrance than a help during major crises.
“The last thing you need in an emergency is a 14-year-old child trying to narrate what they believe is going on, instead of being quiet and listening to the direction of the adults who are trained to keep them safe,” Trump told me. “There’s a big difference between thinking you’re safer and actually being safer.”
In the New York City lawsuit, plaintiffslike Camella Price say they want to be able to communicate with their children on the way to and from school. Price said last fall when her ll-year-old daughter was beaten up by other children on the way home, the girl used her cell phone to call her older sister for help. The sister came to her rescue and was also assaulted, and used her cell phone to call Price, who rushed to the scene and called police.
I know cell phones are convenient and that parents feel better when their children have them. But they’re not a necessity. Even if the schools had a policy allowing students to bring in the phones, but not use them during school hours, whose job would it be to enforce the policy? Teachers and school officials, who already have their hands full with so many other responsibilities. At a time when the school system is trying hard to raise achievement levels and ought to be focusing on teaching and keeping students safe, anything that detracts from those efforts is better left at home.
1. Why have some parents of schoolchildren brought the city Department of Education and the Mayor to court ?
2. Why do the parents who want to keep contact withtheir children by cell phone have a deep concern for ?
3. Why does Mr. Trump think that during an emergency, the schoolchildren should follow the instructions?
4. For what do parents like Camella Price think the children had better have cell phones?
5. What does the author think of the cell phones in question?
Part III Writing (30 points)
Some people claim that competition is more important than co-operation in the present-day society. How far do you agree with these people? You are to write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic:
COMPETITION OR CO-OPERATION
In the first part of your writing you should present your thesis statement, and in the second part you should support the thesis statement with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.
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