一、综合知识(每题1分，15小题，共15分)
1
“主张把一切知识教授给一切人和教育要适应自然，提出了统一的学制系统以及新颖的教学原则、教学方法。”后来人们将其简称为泛智教育，泛智教育是( )提出的。
A、《教育过程》
B、<大教学论》
C、《教育漫话》
D、《教学与发展》
2
许多学生到了大学就会产生强烈的厌学反应，不去主动学习，这更强调了我们对于教育内涵的重视。下列关于教育内涵的说法正确的是( )。
A、教育要从人出发．做到以人为本
B、教育的直接目标是促进人的身心发展
C、教育的最终目的是传授知识
D、影响人的身心发展是教育的主要目的和首要目标
3
“预见未来的你”，张老师在班里组织一场关于遇见十年后的你，遇见二十年后的你主题小型活动，充分调动了学生的想象力，使得学生对课程有了更好的了解，以上是运用了( )的原理。
A、布卢姆掌握学习理论
B、巴班斯基最优化理论
C、洛扎诺夫暗示教学理论
D、布鲁纳认知发现学习理论
4
“勤能补拙”表达了( )的作用。
A、遗传因素
B、同理因素
C、环境因素
D、主观能动因素
5
古时有大巢氏教民穴处巢居、神农氏教民播种五谷、黄帝教民养蚕缫丝，这是中国原始的( )。
A、学校教育
B、素质教育
C、社会教育
D、创新教育
6
小明小学时候成绩名列前茅，为人谦虚。升上中学后吸烟喝酒，打架群殴。面对这种情况，作为老师的你该如何处置?( )
A、任之不管，青少年叛逆期是正常的。
B、对其不正确的行为直接进行批评教育。
C、紧密注意该同学的一言一行，以免他犯事。
D、和该同学的家长、同学沟通，找到他变化的原因，进行相关的心理辅导。
7
校领导按照新课标的要求和学生现状，结合该校教师近年来的课堂教学实际，对教材进行了重新的定位和解读，自主地开发课程。这属于( )。
A、国家教程
B、校方教程
C、校本课程
D、地方教程
8
《大学》里面说到“格物、致知、诚意、正心、修身、齐家、治国、平天下”是( )。
A、普遍性目标取向
B、行为目标取向
C、生成性目标取向
D、表现性目标取向
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加涅的学习过程八阶段理论里，学习最开始的阶段是( )。
A、概括阶段
B、获取阶段
C、反馈阶段
D、动机生成阶段
10
小红为了准备期末考试，整理了复习提纲，按时间先后把事件罗列了出来，这是( )。
A、复述策略
B、计划策略
C、精细加工策略
D、组织策略
11
学生小黄在学习了物理老师教的“杠杆原理”的概念后，再学习定滑轮的知识就非常容易理解了。因为这种学习属于( )。
A、上位学习
B、下位学习
C、并列学习
D、符号学习
12
父母向小贝承诺，如果她在期末考试中进入班级的前十名，就奖励她一个芭比娃娃，小贝因此变得更加努力学习。小贝的这类学习动机属于( )。
A、自我提高的驱动力
B、认知驱动力
C、附属驱动力
D、内部动机
13
学生在学习正方形的过程中，知道正方形有四个直角和四条相连接的边的关键特征，不论它多大，是什么颜色的，只要符合这关键特征的都可以被认为是正方形。这属于奥苏贝尔提出的有意义学习当中的( )。
A、表征学习
B、概念学习
C、命题学习
D、符号学习
14
某次英语语法考试之后，英语老师找到某同学帮助其分析错题并复习相关的语法知识。根据奥克斯福德对学习策略的分类，该英语老师的做法属于( )。
A、元认知策略
B、情感策略
C、社会策略
D、补偿性策略
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark the answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
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根据下面资料，回答{TSE}题
He works ten hours a day, makes more than US $ 98000 a year, doesn´t 16 to take holidays, dresses 17 he pleases. He´s 18 been happier and is looking for another job. This 33-year-old white, university-educated person is the typical Internet worker, according to a study by the Industry Standard, a San Francisco-based news magazine.
There is also a reasonable chance that his employer will arrange his dry cleaning, 19 him to 20 his dog to work, offer him flee massages and give him stock options. And he still thinks people in other 21 are doing 22 .
The typical worker, it appears, not only enjoys an income about 23 the national average but also enjoys himself. At present 2.5 million people 24 by Internet firms in the US. The 25 of the study give plenty of reasons 26 so many people think the grass is greener in Silicon Valley.
27 after tech-stocks sharply 28 in April, 29 many start-ups, there is still mood of enthusiasm and special advantage among those still employed. So what 30 52 percent of them "very happy"? "Demanding work" is given as the main reason and "salary" is 31 close 32 . Those questioned in the study also listed working weekends and 33 holidays as signs of the pleasure of the workplaces.
Only 13 percent were paid for 34 hours work while 14 percent put more than 12 hours work on an average day. "It wasn´t all about 35 ." wrote Mary Ann Thompson in the introduction to the study, "It was fun."
{TS}第（16）题选
A、hate
B、love
C、bother
D、intend
16
第（17）题选
A、such as
B、as
C、like
D、for
17
第（18）题选
A、never
B、seldom
C、often
D、always
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第（19）题选
A、agree
B、allow
C、refuse
D、order
19
第（20）题选
A、have
B、lead
C、bring
D、push
20
第（21）题选
A、places
B、factories
C、schools
D、firms
21
第（22）题选
A、bad
B、worse
C、good
D、better
22
第（23）题选
A、third times
B、third time
C、three times
D、three time
23
第（24）题选
A、are employed
B、are employing
C、were employed
D、were employing
24
第（25）题选
A、concepts
B、results
C、process
D、purposes
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第（26）题选
A、where
B、what
C、how
D、why
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第（27）题选
A、But
B、And
C、Even
D、While
27
第（28）题选
A、went out
B、went through
C、went against
D、went down
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第（29）题选
A、closed
B、close
C、closes
D、closing
29
第（30）题选
A、makes
B、takes
C、gives
D、forces
30
第（31）题选
A、deliberately
B、unsurprisingly
C、suddenly
D、accidentally
31
第（32）题选
A、before
B、above
C、later
D、behind
32
第（33）题选
A、adventurous
B、chronic
C、long
D、short
33
第（34）题选
A、extra
B、other
C、more
D、spare
34
第（35）题选
A、job
B、money
C、enthusiasm
D、time
Directions: In this section, there are three passages. There is only one correct answer to each question. Please mark the answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (1.72 points for each,25.8 points)
35
根据下面资料，回答{TSE}题
The men and women of Anglo-Saxon England normally bore one name only. Distinguishing epithets were rarely added. These might be patronymic, descriptive or occupational. They were, however, hardly surnames. Heritable names gradually became general in the three centuries following the Norman Conquest in 1066. It was not until the 13th and 14th centuries that surnames became fixed, although for many years after that, the degree of stability in family names varied considerably in different parts of the country.
British surnames fall mainly into four broad categories: patronymic, occupational, descriptive and local. A few names, it is true, will remain puzzling: foreign names, perhaps, crudely translated, adapted or abbreviated; or artificial names.
In fact, over fifty per cent of genuine British surnames derive from place names of different kinds, and so they belong to the last of our four main categories. Even such a name as Simpson may belong to this last group, and not to the first, had the family once had its home in the ancient village of that name. Otherwise, Simpson means "the son of Simon", as might be expected.
Hundreds of occupational surnames are at once familiar to us, or at least recognisable after a little thought: Archer, Carter, Fisher, Mason, Thatcher, Taylor, to name but a few. Hundreds of others are more obscure in their meanings and testify to the amazing specialization in medieval arts, crafts and functions. Such are "Day" (old English for breadmaker) and "Walker" (a fuller whose job was to clean and thicken newly made cloth).
All these vocational names carry with them a certain gravity and dignity, which descriptive names often lack. Some, it is true, like "Long", "Short" or "Little", are simple. They may be taken quite literally. Others require more thinking; their meanings are slightly different from the modern ones. "Black" and "White" implied dark and fair respectively. "Sharp" meant genuinely discerning, alert, acute rather than quick-witted or clever.
Place-names have a lasting interest since there is hardly a town or village in all England that has not at some time given its name to a family. They may be picturesque, even poetical; or they may be pedestrian, even trivial. Among the commoner names which survive with relatively little change from old-English times are "Milton" (middle enclosure) and "Hilton" (enclosure on a hill).
{TS}The underlined word "epithets" in Paragraph 1 most probably means ____________.
A、a name shared by all the members of a family
B、a word in front of a person' s name to show their rank or profession
C、an offensive word or phrase that is used about a person or group of people
D、an adjective or phrase that is used to describe somebody/something's character or most important quality
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According to Paragraph 1, British surnames __________.
A、only owned by men in the Anglo-Saxon period
B、gradually became common in the three centuries following the Norman Conquest in 1066
C、became fixed for many years and rarely changed after the 13th and 14th centuries
D、had the same degree of stability in different parts of the country
37
All of the following belong to the four main categories of British surnames EXCEPT _____________.
A、patronymic names
B、occupational names
C、artificial names
D、local names
38
Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A、Less than half of the genuine British surnames come from place names.
B、The name "Simpson" could be s surname deriving from a place name if the family have had its home in the ancient village of that name.
C、"Thatcher" is an occupational surname which testifies to the specialization in medieval arts.
D、The meanings of all descriptive names are slightly different from the modem ones.
39
This passage is mainly about _____________.
A、the importance of surnames
B、the origin and culture of British surnames
C、the dignity of having a proper surname
D、the meanings of British surnames
40
根据下面资料，回答{TSE}题
To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorf´s assertion that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.
Yet we would do well to remind ourselves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.
Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.
In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. And it´s the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.
{TS}According to the passage, when will a spear or a robot has the quality of technology?
A、When it is utilized by human beings.
B、When it is used to produce new products.
C、When it has some culture meanings as physical object.
D、when it is useful for both man and animal.
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why does the author mention the explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl?
A、To show the worry that technology may eventually destroy our world.
B、To tell the readers that as a human creation, technology may go wrong and do harm to human.
C、To emphasize the responsibility we have in ensuring human safety in a technological world.
D、To stress the fact that technology usually goes wrong if not given close examination.
42
The author considers the introduction of the computer as a revolution mainly because _____________.
A、it gives rise to mass production
B、it can do the tasks that could only be done by people before
C、it has helped to switch to an information technology
D、it has a great potential impact on society
43
By using the phrase "the human quality of technology", the author refers to the fact that technology _____________.
A、has a great impact on human life
B、has some characteristics of human nature
C、can replace some aspects of the human mind
D、does not exist in the natural world
44
The passage is based on the author´ s _____________.
A、keen insight into the nature of technology
B、prejudiced criticism of the role of the industrial Revolution
C、cautious analysis of the replacement of the human mind by computers
D、exaggerated description of the negative consequences of technology
45
根据下面资料，回答{TSE}题
Now and again I have had horrible dreams, but not enough of them to make me lose my delight in dreams. To begin with, I like the idea of dreaming, of going to bed and lying still and then, by some queer magic, wandering into another kind of existence. As a child I could never understand why grown-ups took dreaming so calmly when they could make such a fuss about any holiday. This still puzzles me. I am mystified by people who say they never dream and appear to have no interest in the subject. It is much more astonishing than if they said they never went out for a walk. Most people or at least more Western Europeans do not seem to accept dreaming as part of their lives. They appear to see it as an irritating little habit, like sneezing or yawning.
I have never understood this. My dream life does not seem as important as my waking life, if only because there is far less of it, but to me it is important. As if there were at least two extra continents added to the world, and lightning excursions running to them at any moment between midnight and breakfast. Then again, the dream life, though queer and confusing and unsatisfactory in many respects, has its own advantages. The dead are there, smiling and talking. The part is there, sometimes all broken and confused but occasionally as fresh as a daisy. And perhaps, as Mr. Dunne tells us, the future is there too, winking at us. This dream life is often overshadowed by huge mysterious anxieties, with luggage that cannot be packed and trains that refuse to be caught; and both persons and scenes there are not as dependable and solid as they are in waking life, so that Brown and Smith merge into one person while Robinson splits into two, and there are thick woods outside the bathroom door and the dining room is somehow part of a theater balcony; and there are moments of loneliness or terror in the dream world that are worse than anything we have known under the sun. Yet this other life has its interests, its happiness, its satisfactions, and at certain rare intervals, a serene glow or a sudden joy, like glimpses of another form of existence altogether, that we cannot match with open eyes. Silly or wise, terrible or excellent, it is a further helping of experience, a bonus after dark, another slice of life cut differently, for which, it seems to me, we are never sufficiently grateful. Only a dream! Why only? It was there and you had it.
"If there were dreams to sell," Beddoes inquires, "What would you pay?" I cannot say off hand, but certainly the price would be rather more than I could afford.
{TS}when the author was young, he thought that ____________.
A、by dreaming people could live a better life indeed
B、he was puzzled by the mysterious quality of dreams
C、it was astonishing that adults loved holidays so much
D、it was a pity that adults could not enjoy dreams
46
According to the author, most Western Europeans____________.
A、have ignored the important aspects of dreams
B、don't know how to enjoy life in their dreams
C、value dreams very highly
D、think of sneezing when thinking of dreams
47
The advantageous aspect of dreams lies in ____________.
A、the short moments it has relieved people from the burden of life
B、experiencing the impossible or unrealistic, even broken parts of life
C、the refreshing power it endows people when they wake up in the morning
D、the mystery it brings when in dream people can predict their future
48
In the author´ s opinion, we should thank a dream because__________.
A、it makes us enjoy a different life
B、we can avoid terrible things in real life
C、we can experience various emotions in dreams
D、it can help us regain the innocent moments of life
49
What can be inferred from the author´ s answer to Beddoes’ question?
A、Dreams may be manufactured and sold in the near future.
B、The price of a dream is ridiculously higher than expected.
C、People are silly if they set a high value on dreams.
D、The value of dreams is greater than we’ve imagined.
四、语法题(每题1分,10小题．共10分)
50
根据下面资料，回答{TSE}题
In our comparison-soaked culture, it´s hard to avoid slipping into "Why can´t I" mode. When one of my colleagues (51)__________I think is not better than me published a new book, I couldn´t help (52) __________ (complain) how (53) __________ (achieve) it seemed to me and what bad luck I had. Negative feelings like this made life dark for us. How to get rid of the harmful effects of comparison needs exploring. Here´ s what I learned:
Don´ t compare your insides to someone else´ s outsides.
The first time I heard this excellent advice, I (54)__________(suffer) from terrible envy. My professor´s warning shocked me that "You have no idea what it (55) __________ (take) for them to get there". Don´t just owe it to pure luck. Instead, you should fad out what´s really going on behind the scenes.
She was absolutely right, yet it´s much (56) __________ (easy) to envy what they´ve got than it is to ask the serious question: What are they modeling for me? What have they done to get (57) __________ they are today? When we reflect (58)__________ these questions, we shift immediately out of comparison mode and turn inwards.
Transform comparison into celebration.
Admiration and envy are responses pointing us toward what we value most. And once we become aware of what we value, we are much better positioned (59)__________ (create) a richly satisfying life. If you notice yourself admiring people who take creative risks, bring your full attention to the part of you that wants to be braver.
Use the success of others as a mirror.
Next time you catch yourself admiring or envying someone´s success, take a moment to consider: What qualities in them inspire me? Where do I presently display these qualities? Remember the light we see in (60) __________ can help us see our own.
{TS}第（51）题答案
51
第（52）题答案
52
第（53）题答案
53
第（54）题答案
54
第（55）题答案
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第（56）题答案
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第（57）题答案
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第（58）题答案
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第（59）题答案
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第（60）题答案
五、写作题(20分)
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空气质量的好坏与我们的身体健康以及生产生活密切相关。近些年来出现的雾霾天气让我们越加关注空气质量问题，然而在社会进步的同时，空气污染却越来越严重。请围绕“air pollution”这一话题，写一篇英语作文。
要求：
(1)题目自拟，立意自定；
(2)观点明确，条理清晰，语言流畅；
(3)篇幅在250词左右。
1、B2、B3、D4、D5、C6、D7、C8、A9、D10、D11、B12、C13、B14、D15、C16、B17、A18、B19、C20、D21、D22、C23、A24、B25、D26、C27、D28、D29、A30、B31、D32、C33、A34、B35、D36、B37、C38、B39、B40、A41、B42、D43、D44、A45、D46、A47、B48、A49、D
1
捷克教育家夸美纽斯在1632年出版的《大教学论》中提出了“泛智”教育思想，主张“把一切知识教授给一切人”和“教育要适应自然”，提出了统一的学制系统以及新颖的教学原则、教学方法。
2
广义上的教育是有目的、有意识地以影响人的身心发展为首要和直接目标的社会活动。
3
布鲁纳认为，学习知识的最佳方式是发现学习。所谓发现学习，是指学生利用教材或教师提供的条件自己独立思考，自行发现知识，掌握原理和规律。学习的本质不是被动地形成刺激一反应的联结，而是主动地形成认知结构。学习者不是被动地接受知识，而是主动地获取知识，并通过把新获得的知识和已有的认知结构联系起来，积极地建构其知识体系。张老师组织班会活动，使学生主动地形成对课程的认知，运用了认知一发现学习理论。
4
影响人的身心发展的因素包括遗传、环境、人的主观能动性、学校教育等。勤能补拙，意思是指后天的勤奋能够弥补先天的不足、缺陷，体现了主观能动因素的作用。
5
原始社会没有学校。素质教育和创新教育都是现代社会提出来的。原始社会的教育是在生产劳动中进行的．没有阶级性，教育水平低下。故选C。
6
A项，任之不管、放任自流的做法不符合教师职业道德。B项，青少年正处在叛逆期，直接批评教育会触发其叛逆心理，收不到预期的效果。C项，“犯事”指做犯罪或违纪的事，小明已经表现出了不良行为．只进行关注但不及时了解原因并制止，是不恰当的。因此选D项。
7
校本课程实质上是一个以学校为基地进行课程开发的民主决策的过程，即校长、教师、课程专家、学生家长和社区人士共同参与学校课程计划的制定、实施和评价活动。
8
普遍性目标是根据一定的哲学或伦理观、意识形态、社会政治需要，对课程进行总括性和原则性规范与指导的目标，一般表现为对课程有较大影响的教育宗旨或教育目的。它对各门学科都有普遍的指导价值。从一个人内在的德智修养，到外发的事业完成，构成一贯不断开展的过程。《大学》提出的“格物、致知、诚意、正心、修身、齐家、治国、平天下”的教育宗旨，就是典型的普遍性目标。
9
加涅提出的八阶段学习过程，具体为动机、了解、获得、保持、回忆、概括、操作和反馈。最开始的阶段是动机生成阶段。学生的学习是受动机推动的，形成动机或期望，是整个学习过程的预备期。
10
组织策略是整合所学新知识之间、新旧知识之间的内在联系，形成新的知识结构的策略。列复习提纲就属于这种策略。
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当认知结构中原有观念的抽象、概括和包摄性高于新知识，新旧知识建立下位联系，新知识类属于旧知识时．产生下位学习或类属学习。定滑轮实质上是等臂杠杆，所以学习了杠杆再学习定滑轮的知识．是发生了下位学习。
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附属内驱力是指个人为了保持长者们(如家长、教师)或权威们的赞许或认可，而表现出来的一种把学习或工作做好的需要。附属驱动力是一种间接的学习需要，属于外部动机。小贝为了获得父母的奖励而学习，属于附属驱动力。
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奥苏贝尔认为有意义学习指符号所代表的新知识与学习者认知结构中已有的适当概念建立非人为的、实质性联系的过程。有意义学习可分为三种类型：表征学习、概念学习和命题学习。表征学习又称符号学习．是指学习单个符号或一组符号的意义。概念学习是指掌握一类事物的共同的本质属性和关键特征。命题学习是指获得由几个概念构成的命题的复合意义。题干所述为概念学习。
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奥克斯福德把学习策略分为以下五个层面：元认知策略是用来帮助学生计划、管理以及评估学习过程的策略；情感策略是用来提高学习兴趣和态度的策略；社会策略是用来促进学生之间的合作的策略；记忆与认知策略是用来增强记忆和思考能力的策略；补偿性策略是用来与学习者沟通，帮助学生克服知识上的不足的策略。根据题干描述可知该英语老师的做法属于补偿性策略。
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考查动词辨析。hate“憎恨”，love“热爱”，bother“烦扰，操心”，intend“计划”。根据后文可知，在周末和长假工作也会使他感到快乐，所以他不用操心去度假，故选C。
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考查词义辨析。as表示“按……方式”，dress a she pleases意为“按照他高兴的方式穿衣服”，也就是说他想穿什么就穿什么。Such as没有此种用法。like表示“像”，for表示“因为”，均与句意不符。故选B。
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考查句意理解及固定用法。根据前面描述的内容及后文中“The typical worker，it appears，not only enjoys…but also enjoys himself．”可知他一直非常开心并且不需要再找新的工作。这里用否定词never与形容词比较级连用，表示强调。
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考查动词辨析。agree“同意”，allow“允许”，refuse“拒绝”，order“命令”。句意为“他的老板会给他各种机会：提供干洗服务，允许他带狗上班，给他提供按摩服务。给他股票期权”。allow sb．to do sth．"允许某人做某事”，故选B。
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考查动词辨析。have“拥有”，lead“导致”，bring“带来”，push“推动”。根据句意“允许他带狗上班”可知选C。
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