一、综合知识(每题1分。14小题，共14分)
1
“主张把一切知识教授给一切人和教育要适应自然,提出了统一的学制系统以及新颖的教学原则、教学方法。”后来人们将其简称为泛智教育，泛智教育是（ ）提出的。
A、《教育过程》
B、《大教学论》
C、《教育漫话》
D、《教学与发展》
2
许多学生到了大学就会产生强烈的厌学反应，不去主动学习，这更强调了我们对于教育内涵的重视。下列关于教育内涵的说法正确的是（ ）。
A、教育要从人出发，做到以人为本
B、教育的直接目标是促进人的身心发展
C、教育的最终目的是传授知识
D、影响人的身心发展是教育的主要目的和首要目标
3
“预见未来的你”，张老师在班里组织一场关于遇见十年后的你．遇见二十年后的你主题小型活动，充分调动了学生的想象力，使得学生对课程有了更好的了解，以上是运用了（ ）的原理。
A、布卢姆掌握学习理论
B、巴班斯基最优化理论
C、洛扎诺夫暗示教学理论
D、布鲁纳认知发现学习理论
4
“勤能补拙”表达了（ ）的作用。
A、遗传因素
B、同理因素
C、环境因素
D、主观能动因素
5
古时有大巢氏教民穴处巢居、神农氏教民播种五谷、黄帝教民养蚕缫丝，这是中国原始的（ ）。
A、学校教育
B、素质教育
C、社会教育
D、创新教育
6
小明小学时候成绩名列前茅，为人谦虚。升上中学后吸烟喝酒，打架群殴。面对这种情况，作为老师的你该如何处置?（ ）
A、任之不管，青少年叛逆期是正常的。
B、对其不正确的行为直接进行批评教育。
C、紧密注意该同学的一言一行，以免他犯事。
D、和该同学的家长、同学沟通，找到他变化的原因，进行相关的心理辅导。
7
校领导按照新课标的要求和学生现状，结合该校教师近年来的课堂教学实际．对教材进行了重新的定位和解读，自主地开发课程。这属于（ ）。
A、国家教程
B、校方教程
C、校本课程
D、地方教程
8
《大学》里面说到“格物、致知、诚意、正心、修身、齐家、治国、平天下”是（ ）。
A、普遍性目标取向
B、行为性目标取向
C、生成性目标取向
D、表现性目标取向
9
加涅的学习过程八阶段理论里，学习最开始的阶段是（ ）。
A、概括阶段
B、获取阶段
C、反馈阶段
D、动机生成阶段
10
小红为了准备期末考试，整理了复习提纲，按时间先后把事件罗列了出来，这是（ ）。
A、复述策略
B、计划策略
C、精细加工策略
D、组织策略
11
学生小黄在学习了物理老师教的“杠杆原理”的概念后。再学习定滑轮的知识就非常容易理解了。因为这种学习属于（ ）。
A、上位学习
B、下位学习
C、并列学习
D、符号学习
12
父母向小贝承诺，如果她在期末考试中进入班级的前十名，就奖励她一个芭比娃娃,小贝因此变得更加努力学习。小贝的这类学习动机属于（ ）。
A、自我提高的驱动力
B、认知驱动力
C、附属驱动力
D、内部动机
13
学生在学习正方形的过程中，知道正方形有四个直角和四条相连接的边的关键特征，不论它多大，是什么颜色的，只要符合这关键特征的都可以被认为是正方形。这属于奥苏贝尔提出的有意义学习当中的（ ）。
A、表征学习
B、概念学习
C、命题学习
D、符号学习
14
某次英语语法考试之后，英语老师找到某同学帮助其分析错题并复习相关的语法知识。根据奥克斯福德对学习策略的分类，该英语老师的做法属于（ ）。
A、元认知策略
B、情感策略
C、社会策略
D、补偿性策略
二、完形填空(共20小题，每小题1分，满分20分)阅读以下短文。从短文后每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
15
根据以下材料，回答{TSE}题
He works ten hours a day, makes more thanUS $ 98000 a year, doesn´t 16 to take holidays, dresses 17 he pleases. He´s 18 been happier and is looking foranother job. This 33-year-old white, university-educated person is the typical Internetworker, according to a study by the Industry Standard, a San Francisco-basednews magazine.
There is also a reasonable chance that hisemployer will arrange his dry cleaning,19 him to 20 his dog to work, offer him fleemassages and give him stock options. And he still thinks people in other 21are doing 22.
The typical worker, it appears, not onlyenjoys an income about 23 the national average but also enjoys himself.At present 2.5 million people 24 by Internet firms in the US, The 25 ofthe study give plenty of reasons 26 so many people think the grass isgreener in Silicon Valley.
27 after tech-stoeks sharply 28 in April,29 many start-ups, there is still mood of enthusiasmand special advantage among those still employed. So what 30 52 percent of them "veryhappy"? "Demandingwork" is given as the main reason and "salary" is 31 close 32 .
Those questioned in the study also listedworking weekends and 33 holidays as signs of the pleasure of theworkplaces.
Only 13 percent were paid for 34hours work while 14 percent put more than 12 hours work on an average day."It wasn´t all about 35." wrote Mary Ann Thompson in theintroduction to the study, "It was fun."
{TS}
A、hate
B、love
C、bother
D、intend
16
A、such as
B、as
C、like
D、for
17
A、never
B、seldom
C、often
D、always
18
A、agree
B、allow
C、refuse
D、order
19
A、have
B、lead
C、bring
D、push
20
A、places
B、factories
C、schools
D、firms
21
A、bad
B、worse
C、good
D、better
22
A、third times
B、third time
C、three times
D、three time
23
A、are employed
B、are employing
C、were employed
D、were employing
24
A、concepts
B、results
C、process
D、purposes
25
A、where
B、what
C、how
D、why
26
A、But
B、And
C、Even
D、While
27
A、went out
B、went through
C、went against
D、went down
28
A、closed
B、close
C、closes
D、closing
29
A、makes
B、takes
C、gives
D、forces
30
A、deliberately
B、unsurprisingly
C、suddenly
D、accidentally
31
A、before
B、above
C、later
D、behind
32
A、adventurous
B、chronic
C、long
D、short
33
A、extra
B、other
C、more
D、spare
34
A、job
B、money
C、enthusiasm
D、time
三、阅读理解(共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文。从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
35
根据以下材料，回答{TSE}题
The men and women of Anglo-Saxon Englandnormally bore one name only. Distinguishing epithets were rarely added.These might be patronymic, descriptive or occupational. They were, however,hardly surnames. Heritable names gradually became general in the threecenturies following the Norman Conquest in 1066. It was not until the 13th and14th centuries that surnames became fixed, although for many years after that,the degree of stability in family names varied considerably in different partsof the country.
British surnames fall mainly into four broadcategories: patronymic, occupational, descriptive and local. A few names, it istrue, will remain puzzling: foreign names, perhaps, crudely translated, adaptedor abbreviated; or artificial names.
In fact, over fifty per cent of genuineBritish surnames derive from place names of different kinds, and so they belongto the last of our four main categories. Even such a name as Simpson may belongto this last group, and not to the first, had the family once had its home inthe ancient village of that name. Otherwise, Simpson means "the son ofSimon", as might be expected.
Hundreds of occupational surnames are atonce familiar to us, or at least recognisable after a little thought: Archer,Carter, Fisher, Mason, Thatcher, Taylor, to name but a few. Hundreds of othersare more obscure in their meanings and testify to the amazing specialization inmedieval arts, crafts and functions. Such are "Day" (old English forbreadmaker) and "Walker" (a fuller whose job was to clean and thickennewly made cloth).
All these vocational names carry with them acertain gravity and dignity, which descriptive names often lack. Some, it istrue, like "Long", "Short" or "Little", aresimple. They may be taken quite literally. Others require more thinking; theirmeanings are slightly different from the modem ones. "Black" and"White" implied dark and fair respectively. "Sharp" meantgenuinely discerning, alert, acute rather than quick-witted or clever.
Place-names have a lasting interest sincethere is hardly a town or village in all England that has not at some timegiven its name to a family. They may be picturesque, even poetical; or they maybe pedestrian, even trivial. Among the commoner names which survive withrelatively little change from old-English times are "Milton" (middleenclosure) and "Hilton" (enclosure on a hill).
{TS} The underlined word"epithets" in Paragraph 1 most probably means ________.
A、a name shared by all the members of afamily
B、a word in front of a person's name toshow their rank or profession
C、an offensive word or phrase that is usedabout a person or group of people
D、an adjective or phrase that is used to describesomebody/something's character or most important quality
36
According to Paragraph 1, Britishsurnames ________.
A、only owned by men in the Anglo-Saxonperiod
B、gradually became common in the threecenturies following the Norman Conquest in 1066
C、became fixed for many years and rarelychanged after the 13th and 14th centuries
D、had the same degree of stability indifferent parts of the country
37
All of the following belong to the fourmain categories of British surnames EXCEPT ________.
A、patronymic names
B、occupational names
C、artificial names
D、local names
38
Which of the following statements isTRUE at, cording to the passage?
A、Less than half of the genuine Britishsurnames come from place names.
B、The name "Simpson" could be ssurname deriving from a place name if the family have had its home in theancient village of that name.
C、"Thatcher" is an occupationalsurname which testifies to the specialization in medieval arts.
D、The meanings of all descriptive names areslightly different from the modem ones.
39
This passage is mainly about ________.
A、the importance of surnames
B、the origin and culture of Britishsurnames
C、the dignity of having a proper surname
D、the meanings of British surnames
40
根据以下材料，回答{TSE}题
To live in the United States today is togain an appreciation for Dahrendorf´s assertion that social change existseverywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a majorsource of social change.
Yet we would do well to remind ourselvesthat technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or arobot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to huntgame or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid massof matter. For a bird looking for an object on which to rest, a spear or robotserves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttleand the Russian nuclear accident at Chemobyl drive home the human quality oftechnology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly wenthaywire and there was no ready hand to set them right. Since technology is ahuman creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worrythat we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves topieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managedto survive and even flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the yearsahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our livesdeserves a closer examination.
Few technological developments have had agreater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists andengineers have designed specialized machines that can do the tasks that onceonly people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to aninformation-based economy is in the same camp as other great historicalmilestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why theIndustrial Revolution was a revolution, we find that it was not the machines.The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great socialchange. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to asociety in which wealth was not confined to the few.
In somewhat similar fashion, computers promiseto revolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free thehuman mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. TheIndustrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animalsby mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement andreplace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. Andit´s the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisionsthat represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficultiesin predicting the impact on society.
{TS} According to the passage, whenwill a spear or a robot has the quality of technology?
A、When it is utilized by human beings.
B、When it is used to produce new products.
C、When it has some culture meanings asphysical object.
D、When it is useful for both man andanimal.
41
Why does the author mention theexplosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident atChemoby1?
A、To show the worry that technology mayeventually destroy our world.
B、To tell the readers that as a humancreation, technology may go wrong and do harm to human.
C、To emphasize the responsibility we havein ensuring human safety in a technological world.
D、To stress the fact that technologyusually goes wrong if not given close examination.
42
The author considers the introduction ofthe computer as a revolution mainly because ________.
A、it gives rise to mass production
B、it can do the tasks that could only bedone by people before
C、it has helped to switch to an informationtechnology
D、it has a great potential impact onsociety
43
By using the phrase "the humanquality of technology", the author refers to the fact that technology________.
A、has a great impact on human life
B、has some characteristics of human nature
C、can replace some aspects of the humanmind
D、does not exist in the natural world
44
The passage is based on the author´s________.
A、keen insight into the nature oftechnology
B、prejudiced criticism of the role of theindustrial Revolution
C、cautious analysis of the replacement ofthe human mind by computers
D、exaggerated description of the negativeconsequences of technology
45
根据以下材料，回答{TSE}题
Now and again I have had horrible dreams,but not enough of them to make me lose my delight in dreams. To begin with, Ilike the idea of dreaming, of going to bed and lying still and then, by somequeer magic, wandering into another kind of existence. As a child I could neverunderstand why grown-ups took dreaming so calmly when they could make such afuss about any holiday. This still puzzles me. I am mystified by people who saythey never dream and appear to have no interest in the subject. It is much moreastonishing than if they said they never went out for a walk. Most people or atleast more Western Europeans do not seem to accept dreaming as part of theirlives.
They appear to see it as an irritatinglittle habit, like sneezing or yawning.
I have never understood this. My dream lifedoes not seem as important as my waking life, if only because there is far lessof it, but to me it is important. As if there were at least two extra continentsadded to the world, and lightning excursions running to them at any momentbetween midnight and breakfast. Then again, the dream life, though queer andconfusing and unsatisfactory in many respects, has its own advantages. The deadare there, smiling and talking. The part is there, sometimes all broken andconfused but occasionally as fresh as a daisy. And perhaps, as Mr. Dunne tellsus, the future is there too, winking at us. This dream life is oftenovershadowed by huge mysterious anxieties, with luggage that cannot be packedand trains that refuse to be caught; and both persons and scenes there are notas dependable and solid as they are in waking life, so that Brown and Smithmerge into one person while Robinson splits into two, and there are thick woodsoutside the bathroom door and the dining room is somehow part of a theaterbalcony; and there are moments of loneliness or terror in the dream world thatare worse than anything we have known under the sun. Yet this other life hasits interests, its happiness, its satisfactions, and at certain rare intervals,a serene glow or a sudden joy, like glimpses of another form of existence altogether,that we cannot match with open eyes. Silly or wise, terrible or excellent, itis a further helping of experience, a bonus after dark, another slice of lifecut differently, for which, it seems to me, we are never sufficiently grateful.Only a dream! Why only? It was there and you had it.
"If there were dreams to sell,"Beddoes inquires, "What would you pay?" I cannot say off hand, butcertainly the price would be rather more than I could afford.
{TS} When the author was young, hethought that ________________.
A、by dreaming people could live a betterlife indeed
B、he was puzzled by the mysterious qualityof dreams
C、it was astonishing that adults lovedholidays so much
D、it was a pity that adults could not enjoydreams
46
According to the author, most WesternEuropeans ________.
A、have ignored the important aspects ofdreams
B、don't know how to enjoy life in theirdreams
C、value dreams very highly
D、think of sneezing when thinking of dreams
47
The advantageous aspect of dreams liesin ________.
A、the short moments it has relieved peoplefrom the burden of life
B、experiencing the impossible orunrealistic, even broken parts of life
C、the refreshing power it endows peoplewhen they wake up in the morning
D、the mystery it brings when in dreampeople can predict their future
48
In the author´s opinion, we should thanka dream because ________.
A、it makes us enjoy a different life
B、we can avoid terrible things in real life
C、we can experience various emotions indreams
D、it can help us regain the innocentmoments of life
49
What can be inferred from the author´sanswer to Beddoes´ question?
A、Dreams may be manufactured and sold inthe near future.
B、The price of a dream is ridiculouslyhigher than expected.
C、People are silly if they set a high valueon dreams.
D、The value of dreams is greater than we'veimagined.
四、语法题(每题1分，10小题，共10分)请在答题纸的指定位置填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。
50
根据以下材料，回答{TSE}题
In our comparison-soaked culture, it´shard to avoid slipping into "Why can´t I" mode. When one of mycolleagues (51) ________ I think is not better than me published a new book, Icouldn´t help (52) ________ (complain) how (53) ________ (achieve) it seemed tome and what bad luck I had. Negative feelings like this made life dark for us.How to get rid of the harmful effects of comparison needs exploring. Here´swhat I learned:
Don´t compare your insides to someone else´soutsides.
The first time I heard this excellentadvice, I (54) ________ (suffer) from terrible envy. My professor´s warningshocked me that "You have no idea what it (55) ________ (take) for them toget there". Don´t just owe it to pure luck. Instead, you should fad outwhat´s really going on behind the scenes.
She was absolutely right, yet it´s much (56)________ (easy) to envy what they´ve got than it is to ask the seriousquestion: What are they modeling for me? What have they done to get (57)________they are today? When we reflect (58) ________these questions, we shiftimmediately out of comparison mode and turn inwards.
Transform comparison into celebration.
Admiration and envy are responses pointingus toward what we value most. And once we become aware of what we value, we aremuch better positioned (59) ________ (create) a richly satisfying life. If younotice yourself admiring people who take creative risks, bring your full attentionto the part of you that wants to be braver.
Use the success of others as a mirror.
Next time you catch yourself admiring orenvying someone´s success, take a moment to consider: What qualities in theminspire me? Where do I presently display these qualities? Remember the light wesee in (60) ________ can help us see our own.
{TS}第51题答案是___________
51
第52题答案是___________
52
第53题答案是___________
53
第54题答案是___________
54
第55题答案是___________
55
第56题答案是___________
56
第57题答案是___________
57
第58题答案是___________
58
第59题答案是___________
59
第60题答案是___________
五、写作(满分20分)
60
空气质量的好坏与我们的身体健康以及生产生活密切相关。近些年来出现的雾霾天气让我们越加关注空气质量问题，然而在社会进步的同时，空气污染却越来越严重。请围绕“air pollution”这一话题，写一篇英语作文。
要求：
(1)题目自拟，立意自定；
(2)观点明确，条理清晰，语言流畅；
(3)篇幅在250词左右。
1、B2、B3、D4、D5、C6、D7、C8、A9、D10、D11、B12、C13、B14、D15、C16、B17、A18、B19、C20、D21、D22、C23、A24、B25、D26、C27、D28、D29、A30、B31、D32、C33、A34、B35、D36、B37、C38、B39、B40、A41、B42、D43、D44、A45、D46、A47、B48、A49、D
1
捷克教育家夸美纽斯在1632年出版的《大教学论》中提出了“泛智”教育思想，主张“把一切知识教授给一切人”和“教育要适应自然”，提出了统一的学制系统以及新颖的教学原则、教学方法。
2
广义上的教育是有目的、有意识地以影响人的身心发展为首要和直接目标的社会活动。
3
布鲁纳认为，学习知识的最佳方式是发现学习。所谓发现学习，是指学生利用教材或教师提供的条件自己独立思考，自行发现知识，掌握原理和规律。学习的本质不是被动地形成刺激一反应的联结，而是主动地形成认知结构。学习者不是被动地接受知识．而是主动地获取知识，并通过把新获得的知识和已有的认知结构联系起来，积极地建构其知识体系。张老师组织班会活动，使学生主动地形成对课程的认知，运用了认知一发现学习理论。
4
影响人的身心发展的因素包括遗传、环境、人的主观能动性、学校教育等。勤能补拙，意思是指后天的勤奋能够弥补先天的不足、缺陷，体现了主观能动因素的作用。
5
原始社会没有学校。素质教育和创新教育都是现代社会提出来的。原始社会的教育是在生产劳动中进行的，没有阶级性，教育水平低下。故选C。
6
A项，任之不管、放任自流的做法不符合教师职业道德。B项，青少年正处在叛逆期，直接批评教育会触发其叛逆心理，收不到预期的效果。C项，“犯事”指做犯罪或违纪的事，小明已经表现出了不良行为．只进行关注但不及时了解原因并制止，是不恰当的。故选D。
7
校本课程实质上是一个以学校为基地进行课程开发的民主决策的过程，即校长、教师、课程专家、学生家长和社区人士共同参与学校课程计划的制定、实施和评价活动。
8
普遍性目标是根据一定的哲学或伦理观、意识形态、社会政治需要，对课程进行总括性和原则性规范与指导的目标，一般表现为对课程有较大影响的教育宗旨或教育目的。它对各门学科都有普遍的指导价值。从一个人内在的德智修养，到外发的事业完成，构成一贯不断开展的过程。《大学》提出的“格物、致知、诚意、正心、修身、齐家、治国、平天下”的教育宗旨，就是典型的普遍性目标。
9
加涅提出的八阶段学习过程，具体为动机、了解、获得、保持、回忆、概括、操作和反馈。最开始的阶段是动机生成阶段。学生的学习是受动机推动的，形成动机或期望，是整个学习过程的预备期。
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组织策略是整合所学新知识之间、新旧知识之间的内在联系，形成新的知识结构的策略。列复习提纲就属于这种策略。
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当认知结构中原有观念的抽象、概括和包摄性高于新知识，新旧知识建立下位联系，薪知识类属于旧知识时，产生下位学习或类属学习。定滑轮实质上是等臂杠杆，所以学习了杠杆再学习定滑轮的知识，是发生了下位学习。
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附属内驱力是指个人为了保持长者们(如家长、教师)或权威们的赞许或认可，而表现出来的一种把学习或工作做好的需要。附属驱动力是一种间接的学习需要，属于外部动机。小贝为了获得父母的奖励而学习，属于附属驱动力。
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奥苏贝尔认为有意义学习指符号所代表的新知识与学习者认知结构中已有的适当概念建立非人为的、实质性联系的过程。有意义学习可分为三种类型：表征学习、概念学习和命题学习。表征学习又称符号学习，是指学习单个符号或一组符号的意义。概念学习是指掌握～类事物的共同的本质属性和关键特征。命题学习是指获得由几个概念构成的命题的复合意义。题干所述为概念学习。
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奥克斯福德把学习策略分为以下五个层面：元认知策略是用来帮助学生计划、管理以及评估学习过程的策略；情感策略是用来提高学习兴趣和态度的策略；社会策略是用来促进学生之间的合作的策略；记忆与认知策略是用来增强记忆和思考能力的策略；补偿性策略是用来与学习者沟通，帮助学生克服知识上的不足的策略。根据题干描述可知该英语老师的做法属于补偿性策略。
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考查动词辨析。hate“憎恨”，love“热爱”，bother“烦扰，操心”，intend“计划”。根据后文可知，在周末和长假工作也会使他感到快乐，所以他不用操心去度假，故选C。
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考查词义辨析。as表示“按……方式”，dress as he pleases意为“按照他高兴的方式穿衣服”，也就是说他想穿什么就穿什么。Such as没有此种用法。like表示“像”，for表示“因为”，均与句意不符。故选B。
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考查句意理解及固定用法。根据前面描述的内容及后文中“The typical worker，it appears。not only enjoys…but also enjoyshimself．”可知他一直非常开心并且不需要再找新的工作。这里用否定词never与形容词比较级连用，表示强调。
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考查动词辨析。agree“同意”，allow“允许”，refuse“拒绝”，order“命令”。句意为“他的老板会给他各种机会：提供干洗服务，允许他带狗上班，给他提供按摩服务，给他股票期权”。allow sb．to do sth．“允许某人做某事”，故选B。
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考查动词辨析。have“拥有”，lead“导致”，bring“带来”，push“推动”。根据句意“允许他带狗上班”可知选C。
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